Umatilla River

The Umatilla River is an tributary of the Columbia River in northern Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. Draining a basin of , it enters the Columbia near the city of Umatilla in the northeastern part of the state. In downstream order, beginning at the headwaters, major tributaries of the Umatilla River are the North Fork Umatilla River and the South Fork Umatilla River, then Meacham, McKay, Birch, and Butter creeks.

The name ''Umatilla'' is derived from the Native American autonym of the people residing along its banks - the Umatilla, which called themselves Imatalamłáma - "People from the Village Ímatalam n the Peninsula formed by the confluence of Umatilla River with the Columbia, which was first recorded as ''Youmalolam'' in the journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition and spelled in many other ways in early books about Oregon.McArthur, p. 981

Today the river is also called Nixyáawi wána - "Pendleton area River, i.e. Umatilla River".

Course

The Umatilla River's headwaters lie in the Blue Mountains at the confluence of its north and south forks in the Umatilla National Forest of northeastern Oregon. Flowing generally west, the river receives Lick Creek and Bear Creek, both from the right before reaching the unincorporated community of Bingham Springs. Further downstream it receives Rock Creek from the right, then Bobsled, Augur, and Ryan creeks from the left before entering the Umatilla Indian Reservation and reaching the unincorporated community of Gibbon. From Gibbon to the river mouth, tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad run parallel to the stream. Between Gibbon and Cayuse, three creeks—Squaw, Buckaroo, and Coonskin—enter the river from the left. Downstream of Cayuse, Moonshine, Cottonwood, and Mission creeks also enter from the left. The maps, which include river mile (RM) markers for the lower of the river, include the following quadrants from mouth to source: Umatilla, Hermiston, Stanfield, Echo, Nolin, Barnhart, Pendleton, Mission, Cayuse, Thorn Hollow, Gibbon, and Bingham Springs.

The river flows by Mission at about river mile (RM) 61 or river kilometer (RK) 98, leaves the Indian reservation, and reaches the city of Pendleton at about RM 56 (RK 90), passing under Oregon Route 11. Wildhorse Creek enters from the right, then Patawa Creek from the left. The river passes under Interstate 84 (I-84) and receives McKay Creek from the left. Shortly thereafter, Birch Creek enters from the left about from the mouth. Coombs Creek enters from the left about below that, and then the river, turning north, flows along Fort Henrietta Park in the city of Echo and under I-84 again. The Umatilla reaches Stanfield about from the mouth, then passes under Oregon Route 207 and receives Butter Creek from the left. Reaching Hermiston at about RM 9 (RK 14), the river flows by a United States Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge about from the mouth, then passes under Interstate 82 and Oregon Route 730 before entering the Columbia River at Umatilla.

The Umatilla River joins the Columbia at what is called Lake Umatilla, a reservoir formed by the John Day Dam on the Columbia. The confluence is from the Columbia's mouth on the Pacific Ocean at Astoria. McNary Dam, another dam on the Columbia, is slightly upstream at about RM 292 (RK 470).

Fish

The Umatilla River supports populations of spring Chinook, fall Chinook, and Coho salmon as well as small trout in its upper reaches. Public access to salmon and steelhead fishing is fairly good downstream of the Oregon Route 11 bridge. Upstream of the bridge, the river runs through the Umatilla Indian Reservation, where fishing is limited to those with a tribal permit.Shewey, p. 307

See also

* List of rivers of Oregon
* List of longest streams of Oregon

References

Works cited

* McArthur, Lewis A., and McArthur, Lewis L. (2003) 928 ''Oregon Geographic Names'', 7th ed. Portland: Oregon Historical Society Press. .
* Shewey, John (2007). ''Complete Angler's Guide to Oregon''. Belgrade, Montana: Wilderness Adventures Press. .

External links

Umatilla Watershed
"EPA Surf Your Watershed"

Historic photos
from the U.S. Forest Service

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Rivers of Oregon
Tributaries of the Columbia River
Rivers of Umatilla County, Oregon